Quantities
absolute activity \(\lambda\)absolute lethal concentration \(\text{LC}_{100}\)absolute lethal dose \(\text{LD}_{100}\)absorbance \(A\)absorbed (spectral) photon flux density absorbed (spectral) radiant power density absorptance \(\alpha\)absorption cross-section \(\sigma\)acceleration of free fall \(g\)acceleration \(a\)acceptable daily intake acceptor number \(\text{AN}\)actinic flux \(S_{\lambda}\)activation energy activity \(a\)activity coefficient \(f\),\(\gamma \)activity \(A\)affinity of reaction \(A\)amount concentration \(c\)amount fraction x (y for gaseous mixtures) amount of substance \(n\)angle angle of optical rotation \(\alpha\)angular frequency \(\omega\)angular momentum \(L\)atomic mass \(m_{\text{a}}\)atomic number \(Z\)attenuance \(D\)bandgap energy \(E_{\text{g}}\)benchmark dose (BMD) and lower effective dose (LED) biochemical (biological) oxygen demand biological exposure index biological tolerance values for working materials bond-dissociation energy \(D\)Brewster angle \(\theta_{\text{B}}\)capacitance \(C\)cathodic transfer coefficient \(\alpha_{\text{c}}\)ceiling value \(\text{CV}\)Celsius temperature \(t\),\(\theta\)centrifugal acceleration \(a_{\text{rot}}\)centrifugal force \(F_{\text{rot}}\)centrifugal radius \(r\)characteristic mass for integrated absorbance \(m_{0}\)characteristic mass for peak absorption \(m_{\text{p}}\)characteristic mass \(m_{\text{c}}\)charge density \(\rho\)charge number \(n\),\(\nu _{\text{e}}\),\(z\)charge number \(z\)chemical flux \(\varphi\)chemical oxygen demand chemical potential \(\mu _{\text{B}}\)chemical shift \(\delta\)clearance \(\Delta V/\Delta t\)coherence length \(\zeta\)collision cross-section \(\sigma\)collision density \(Z_{\text{AA}}\)collision diameter \(d\)collision efficiency \(B_{\text{c}}\)collision frequency \(z_{\text{A}}(\text{A})\)compression factor \(Z\)conductivity \(\gamma\),\(\sigma \)contact angle corrosion potential \(E_{\text{cor}}\)coulomb integral \(H_{\text{rr}}\)coupling constant (spin-spin) \(J\)critical excitation energy \(E_{\text{q}}\)critical micelle concentration critical pressure \(p_{\text{c}}\)critical temperature \(T_{\text{c}}\)current density decadic absorbance \(A\)decay constant degeneracy degree of reaction \(\alpha\)density \(\rho\)dielectric polarization \(P\)differential capacitance diffusion coefficient \(D\)dilution rate \(D\)disintegration energy \(Q\)dissociation energy \(E_{\text{d}}\),\(D\)distribution ratio \(D\)dose equivalent \(H\)doubling time \(t_{\text{D}}\)driving force (affinity) of a reaction \(A\)dynamic viscosity \(\eta\)efficiency of nebulization \(\varepsilon_{\text{n}}\)efficiency \(\eta\)electric charge \(Q\)electric coherence length \(\xi_{\text{E}}\)electric conductance \(G\)electric current density \(j\)electric current \(I\)electric dipole moment \(p\)electric displacement \(D\)electric field (strength) \(E\)electric mobility \(u\),\(\mu \)electric polarizability \(\alpha\)electric potential \(V\)electric resistance \(R\)electro-osmotic hold-up time \(t_{\text{eo}}\)electro-osmotic mobility \(u\),\(\mu _{\text{eo}}\)electrode current density \(j\)electrode potential \(E\)electrokinetic potential \(\zeta\)electromotive force \(E\)electrophoretic mobility \(\mu\)emission anisotropy emittance \(\varepsilon\)energy storage efficiency \(\eta\)energy \(E\)enrichment factor \(S\)enthalpy of activation \(\Delta ^{\ddagger}H^{\,\unicode{x26ac}}\)enthalpy \(H\)entropy of activation \(\Delta ^{\ddagger}S^{\,\unicode{x26ac}}\)entropy \(S\)extent of reaction \(\xi\)extraction factor \(D_{\text{m}}\)flow rate flow resistance parameter \(\mathit{\Phi}\)fluence rate \(E_{\unicode{x26ac}}\)fluence \(F\),\(\varPsi \),\(H_{0}\)fluidity \(\phi\)force \(F\)fraction extracted \(E\)frequency \(f\),\(\nu \)frequency \(\nu\),\(\omega\)friction factor \(\mu\)frictional coefficient \(f\)fugacity coefficient \(\phi\)fugacity \(f\),\(\tilde{p}\)functionality \(f\)G value gain \(G\)generation time \(t_{\text{G}}\)Gibbs energy (function) \(G\)Gibbs energy of activation \(\Delta ^{\ddagger}G^{\,\unicode{x26ac}}\)Gibbs film elasticity heat capacity of activation \(\Delta ^{\ddagger}C_{p}^{\,\unicode{x26ac}}\)heat capacity \(C\)heat flux \(J_{q}\)heat \(q\),\(Q\)Helmholtz energy (function) \(A\)Huggins coefficient \(k_{\text{H}}\)hydrolysis ratio \(r_{\text{w}}\)illuminance \(E\),\(E_{\text{v}}\)impact parameter \(b\)impedance \(Z\)inhibitory concentration \(\text{IC}\)inhibitory dose \(\text{ID}\)inner electric potential \(\phi\)integral capacitance internal absorptance \(\alpha_{\text{i}}\)internal energy \(U\)interparticle porosity \(\varepsilon\)interparticle volume of the column \(V_{0}\)intrinsic activation energy \(E_{\text{a,i}}\)ionic conductivity ionic strength \(I\)ionic transport number \(t\)ionization energy \(E_{\text{i}}\)irradiance (at a point of a surface) \(E\)kinematic viscosity \(\nu\)kinetic energy \(E_{\text{k}}\)length \(l\)level width \(\mathit{\Gamma}\)lifetime lifetime \(\tau\)linear strain \(\varepsilon\),\(e\)local efficiency of atomization \(\varepsilon_{\text{a}}\)local fraction atomized \(\chi _{\text{a}}\),\(\beta_{\text{a}}\)local fraction desolvated \(\chi _{\text{s}}\),\(\beta_{\text{s}}\)local fraction volatilized \(\chi _{\text{v}}\),\(\beta_{\text{v}}\)luminance luminous intensity \(I_{\text{v}}\)magnetic field strength \(H\)magnetic flux density \(B\)magnetic flux \(\mathit{\Phi}\)magnetic moment \(m\),\(\mu\)magnetic susceptibility magnetic susceptibility \(\chi\)magnetizability \(\xi\)magnetogyric ratio \(\gamma\)mass concentration \(\gamma\),\(\rho\)mass distribution ratio \(k_{\text{MEEKC}}\)mass distribution ratio \(k_{\text{MEKC}}\)mass excess \(\mathit{\Delta}\)mass flow rate \(q_{\text{m}}\)mass fraction \(w\)mass number \(A\)mass \(m\)mean free path \(\lambda\)median effective concentration \(\text{EC}_{50}\)median effective dose \(\text{ED}_{50}\)median lethal concentration \(\text{LC}_{50}\)median lethal dose \(\text{LD}_{50}\)median lethal time \(\text{TL}_{50}\)median narcotic concentration \(\text{NC}_{50}\)median narcotic dose \(\text{ND}_{50}\)microscopic cross-section \(\sigma\)migration time \(t_{\text{m}}\)migration time of micelles \(t_{\text{mc}}\)minimum consumption time \(t_{\text{min}}\)minimum lethal concentration \(\text{LC}_{\text{min}}\)minimum lethal dose \(\text{LD}_{\text{min}}\)mobility (general) mobility \(\mu\)modulus of elasticity \(E\)molality \(m\),\(b\)molar absorption coefficient \(\varepsilon\)molar refraction \(R\)moment of a force \(M\)moment of inertia \(I\),\(J\)momentum \(p\)mutual inductance \(M\)network-chain molar mass \(M_{\text{c}}\)neutron number \(N\)nominal linear flow \(F\)normal stress \(\sigma\)number concentration \(C\),\(n\)number density \(n\)number flow rate \(q_{\text{N}}\)number of entities \(N\)order of reaction \(n\)osmolality \(m\)osmotic coefficient \(\phi\)osmotic concentration \(c\)osmotic pressure \(\mathit{\Pi}\)outer electric potential \(\psi\)overpotential \(\eta\)pair correlation length \(\xi\)partial mass density \(\rho_{\text{B}}\)partition constant \(K_{\text{D}}^{\text{o}}\)partition ratio \(K_{\text{D}}\)peak resolution \(R_{\text{s}}\)period \(T\)permeability \(\mu\)permittivity \(\varepsilon\)pH phase ratio \(\beta\)phase ratio \(r\)photon exitance \(M_{\text{p}}\)photon exposure \(H_{\text{p}}\)photon flow \(\mathit{\Phi} _{\text{p}}\)photon fluence rate \(E_{\text{p,o}}\)photon fluence \(H_{\text{p,o}}\),\(F_{\text{p,o}}\)photon flux \(q_{\text{p}}\),\(\mathit{\Phi} _{\text{p}}\)photon irradiance \(E_{\text{p}}\)photon number \(N_{\text{p}}\)photon radiance \(L_{\text{p}}\)plate number \(N\)polarizability polarization \(\zeta\)polarization \(P\)potential energy \(E_{\text{p}}\),\(V\)power \(P\)pre-exponential factor \(A\)pressure \(p\)productivity \(r\)quantum yield \(\mathit{\Phi}\)radiance \(L\)radiant (energy) flux \(P\),\(\mathit{\Phi}\)radiant energy density \(\rho\),\(w\)radiant energy \(Q\)radiant exitance \(M\)radiant exposure \(H\)radiant intensity \(I\)radiant power \(P\)radiative lifetime \(\tau_{0}\)rate of conversion \(\dot{\xi}\)rate of fluid consumption \(q_{\text{V}}\)rate of reaction \(\nu\)reactance \(X\)reaction cross-section \(\sigma_{\text{r}}\)reduced mass \(\mu\)reflectance \(\rho\)refractive index \(n\)relative atomic mass \(A_\text{r}\)relative density \(d\)relative molecular mass \(M_{\text{r}}\)relative permeability \(\mu_{\text{r}}\)relative permittivity \(\varepsilon_{\text{r}}\)relative retardation \(R_{\text{rel}}\)relative retention \(r\)residence time \(t_{\text{r}}\)residual emission anisotropy resistance \(R\)resistivity \(\rho\)resolving power \(R\)response time \(\tau_{\text{R}}\)responsivity \(R\)retardation factor \(R\)retardation factor \(R_{\text{F}}\)retention factor \(k\)retention index \(I\)RM value \(R_{\text{M}}\)rotational correlation time \(\tau_{\text{c}}\),\(\theta\)rotational frequency \(f_{\text{rot}}\)rotational relaxation time \(\rho\)rotational term \(F\)saturation fraction \(s_{\text{B}}\)scattering angle \(\theta\)sedimentation coefficient \(s\)selectivity factor \(S_{f}\)self inductance \(L\)sensitivity \(A\)separation factor \(\alpha\)separation factor \(\alpha_{\text{A,B}}\)separation number \(\text{SN}\)shear modulus \(G\)shear strain \(\gamma\)shear stress \(\tau\)shielding constant \(\sigma\)solid angle \(\varOmega\),\(\omega\)solvophobicity parameter \(Sp\)specific activity \(a\)specific heat capacity \(c\)specific volume \(v\)spectral fluence rate \(E_{\lambda,\text{o}}\)spectral irradiance \(E_{\lambda}\)spectral photon exitance \(M_{\text{p}\lambda}\)spectral photon flow \(\varPhi_{\text{p}\lambda}\)spectral photon flux \(E_{\text{p}\lambda}\)spectral photon radiance \(L_{\text{p}\lambda}\)spectral radiance \(L_{\lambda}\)spectral radiant energy \(Q_{\lambda}\)spectral radiant exitance \(M_{\lambda}\)spectral radiant intensity \(I_{\lambda}\)spectral radiant power \(P_{\lambda}\)spectral sensitivity \(S(\lambda)\)specular reflectance \(\rho\)speed \(\nu\),\(c\)spin-orbit coupling constant \(A\)stoichiometric number \(\nu\)Stokes number \(St\)substance fraction \(x\)surface amount \(n^{\text{s}}\),\(n^{\text{a}}\)surface charge density \(\sigma\)surface concentration \(\mathit{\Gamma}\)surface coverage \(\theta\)surface density \(\rho_{\text{A}}\),\(\rho_{\text{S}}\)surface excess concentration \(\mathit{\Gamma}\)surface excess \(n^{\sigma}\)surface tension \(\gamma\),\(\sigma\)symmetry number \(s\)term \(T\)thermal conductance \(G\)thermal conductivity \(\lambda\)thermal resistance \(R\)thermodynamic temperature \(T\)threshold energy \(E_{0}\)time constant \(\tau_{\text{c}}\)time of centrifugation \(t\)time \(t\)torque \(T\)total consumption time \(t_{\text{tot}}\)total velocity of the analyte \(\nu_{\text{tot}}\)transit time \(t_{\text{ts}}\)transition wavenumber \(\tilde{\nu }\)transmittance \(T\),\(\tau\)transport number \(t\)travel time \(t_{\text{tv}}\)turbidity \(\tau\)velocity \(v\),\(c\)vibrational term \(G\)viscosity function \(\mathit{\Phi}\)volume flow rate \(q_{\text{v}}\)volume fraction \(\phi\)volume of activation \(\Delta ^{\ddagger}V\)volume strain \(\theta\)wavelength \(\lambda\)wavenumber \(\sigma\),\(\tilde{\nu }\)weight \(G\)work \(w\),\(W\)yield \(Y\)