Term: Fermi level, \(E_{\text{F}}\)
https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02341

Definition:
The chemical potential of electrons in a solid (metals, semiconductors or insulators) or in an electrolyte solution.

Related Terms:
1) chemical potential (http://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032).
2) bandgap energy (http://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00593).
3) conduction band (http://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01244).
4) valence band (http://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06589).

Source: PAC, 1996, 68, 2223. 'Glossary of terms used in photochemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1996)' on page 2242 (https://doi.org/10.1351/pac199668122223)

Citation: 'Fermi level, \(E_{\text{F}}\)' in IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 2025. Online version 5.0.0, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02341

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