Term: mechanism
https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03804

Definition:
A detailed description of the process leading from the reactants to the products of a reaction, including a characterization as complete as possible of the composition, structure, energy and other properties of reaction intermediates, products and transition states. An acceptable mechanism of a specified reaction (and there may be a number of such alternative mechanisms not excluded by the evidence) must be consistent with the reaction stoichiometry, the rate law and with all other available experimental data, such as the stereochemical course of the reaction. Inferences concerning the electronic motions which dynamically interconvert successive species along the reaction path (as represented by curved arrows, for example) are often included in the description of a mechanism. It should be noted that for many reactions all this information is not available and the suggested mechanism is based on incomplete experimental data. It is not appropriate to use the term mechanism to describe a statement of the probable sequence in a set of stepwise reactions. That should be referred to as a reaction sequence, and not a mechanism.

Related Terms:
1) gibbs energy diagram (http://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02630).
2) reaction intermediates (http://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05171).
3) transition states (http://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06468).
4) rate law (http://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05141).
5) reaction path (http://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05174).
6) stoichiometry (http://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06026).
7) sequence (http://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.ST06775).

Source: PAC, 1994, 66, 1077. 'Glossary of terms used in physical organic chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)' on page 1138 (https://doi.org/10.1351/pac199466051077)

Citation: 'mechanism' in IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 2025. Online version 5.0.0, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03804

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