Many @C01172@ dispersions show Bingham flow which is characterized by a σ-D diagram as shown. At rates of shear greater than that at point A, the following relation applies: \[\sigma - \sigma _{\text{B}}=\eta _{\Delta }\ D\] where \(\sigma _{\text{B}}\) (or \(\tau _{\text{B}}\)) is called the Bingham @Y06727@, \(\eta _{\Delta }\) is the @D01710@, \(D\) is the @S05636@, and \(\sigma \) is the average of three @N04216@ components if the deformation is purely dilatational.