branching chain reaction 

https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00723
A chain reaction which includes a propagation step or steps in which there is an increase in the number of active intermediates; for example,
is a branching reaction since one active intermediate (H) gives rise to two (OH and O).
Source:
PAC, 1981, 53, 753. (Symbolism and Terminology in Chemical Kinetics) on page 762 [Terms] [Paper]