https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02603
This expression refers to the reaction, with each other, of two transient species produced from a common precursor in solution. If reaction occurs before any separation by diffusion has occurred, this is termed primary geminate recombination. If the mutually reactive entities have been separated, and come together by diffusion, this is termed secondary geminate recombination. This is illustrated in the reaction diagram below: 

See also: cage