Indicated by or if the repulsion is due to electric effects ( or is taken for unit area of each of two flat and parallel surfaces). (or ) is defined as
Source: PAC, 1972, 31, 577. (Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quantities and Units, Appendix II: Definitions, Terminology and Symbols in Colloid and Surface Chemistry) on page 615 [Terms] [Paper]