https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.IT06773
Ion pumps enable ions to flow through membranes in a thermodynamically uphill direction by the use of an energy source such as ATP or light. They consist of sugar-containing hetero-peptide assemblies, which open and close upon the binding and subsequent @H02902@ of ATP, usually transporting more than one ion towards the outside or the inside of the @MT06878@.