https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03564
The possible symmetries of arrays extending in one direction with a fixed repeating distance. Linear polymer chains in the crystalline state must belong to one of the line repetition groups. Permitted symmetry elements are: the identity operation (symbol l); the translation along the chain axis (symbol t); the mirror plane orthogonal to the chain axis (symbol ) and that containing the chain axis (symbol ); the glide plane containing the chain axis (symbol ); the inversion centre, placed on the chain axis (symbol ); the two-fold axis orthogonal to the chain axis (symbol 2); the helical, or screw, symmetry where the axis of the helix coincides with the chain axis. In the latter case, the symbol is , where stands for the screw axis, is the class of the helix, * and / are separators, and is the integral number of residues contained in turns, corresponding to the identity period ( and must be prime to each other). The class index may be dropped if deemed unnecessary, so that the helix may also be simply denoted as .