pitch

https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04677
A residue from
pyrolysis
of organic material or tar distillation which is solid at room temperature, consisting of a complex mixture of numerous, essentially aromatic
hydrocarbons
and
heterocyclic compounds
. It exhibits a broad softening range instead of a defined
melting
temperature. When cooled from the melt, pitches solidify without
crystallization
.
Note:
The ratio of aromatic to aliphatic hydrogen depends mainly on the source of the starting material. The hydrogen
aromaticity
(ratio of aromatic to total hydrogen atoms) varies between 0.3 and 0.9. The aliphatic hydrogen in pitch is largely associated with alkyl side chains substituted on aromatic rings. The content of
heterocyclic compounds
in pitches varies depending on their origins. Also, the softening temperature can vary in a broad range between about 320 and 570 K depending on the
molecular weight
(
relative molecular mass
) and composition of the constituents.
Source:
PAC, 1995, 67, 473. (Recommended terminology for the description of carbon as a solid (IUPAC Recommendations 1995)) on page 500 [Terms] [Paper]