https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05925
State of a system chosen as standard for reference by convention. Three standard states are recognized: For a gas phase it is the (hypothetical) state of the pure substance in the gaseous phase at the , assuming ideal behaviour. For a pure phase, or a mixture, or a solvent in the liquid or solid state it is the state of the pure substance in the liquid or solid phase at the . For a solute in solution it is the (hypothetical) state of solute at the standard molality , or and exhibiting infinitely
standard pressure
standard pressure
standard pressure
standard concentration
dilute solution
behaviour. For a pure substance the concept of standard state applies to the substance in a well defined state of aggregation at a well defined but arbitrarily chosen standard pressure
.