chemical equilibrium

https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01023
Reversible processes [processes which may be made to proceed in the forward or reverse direction by the (infinitesimal) change of one variable], ultimately reach a point where the rates in both directions are identical, so that the system gives the appearance of having a static composition at which the Gibbs energy, G, is a minimum. At equilibrium the sum of the chemical potentials of the reactants equals that of the products, so that: ΔGr=ΔGro+R T ln⁡K=0 ΔGr⚬=−R T ln⁡K The equilibrium constant, K, is given by the mass-law effect.
Source:
PAC, 1994, 66, 1077. (Glossary of terms used in physical organic chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)) on page 1114 [Terms] [Paper]
Citation: 'chemical equilibrium' in IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 2025. Online version 5.0.0, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01023 RIS BibTex EndNote
Div. IIIPDFTextXMLJSON